HVAC Systems and Applications! - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design.
Systems for ventilation and air handling.
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The density of air varies with the elevation above sea level
Air change rate equations in imperial and SI units
Recommended air change rates in some common rooms and buildings
With air curtains in the door way it is possible to keep acceptable indoor climate in the building - even with open doors
Air intakes and outlets in ventilation systems - rules of thumb
Air velocities due to natural draught caused by the indoor hot and outdoor cold temperature difference
Recommended maximum air velocity in ventilation ducts
The normal area per person in some common buildings - can be used to calculate indoor climate loads
ASHRAE Standards
Length and speed of belt
Speed of Fan versus Speed of Motor with Belt Drives
Dimensions of circular ventilation air ducts
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Dampers in ventilation systems may be classified according function, construction or leakage class
Ventilation systems can be classified by function, distribution or by ventilation principle
Clean rooms are maintained virtually free of contaminants such as dust or bacteria
Clean room class limits according ISO Standard 14644-1
A design procedure of ventilation systems, with air flow rates, heat and cooling loads, air shifts according occupants, air supply principles
A duct friction - major loss - calculation formula of rectangular and circular ducts
Air velocity and flow resistance in ventilation ducts
Common ductwork equations - air flow formulas, velocity and equivalent diameter
The equation of mechanical energy in terms of Energy per Unit Mass, Energy per Unit Volume and Energy per Unit Weight involving head
Converting rectangular ducts to circular equivalents
Equivalent diameters for rectangular and circular ducts - air flows 100 - 50,000 CFM
Necessary velocity of evacuation air to avoid pollution products from some common processed as galvanic baths, spray painting etc., to be transferred to the room and the surroundings
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Air velocity in front of exhaust outlets
The influence of fan speed and diameter of wheel - on air flow volume, head and power consumption
Pressure (head) related to air flow volume - is in general documented in capacity diagrams
Fan construction classes established by AMCA
High suction pressure at the fan inlet decreases the density of air and should always be corrected for proper fan selection
A fan motor must be capable not only of driving the fan at operating speed, but also be capable of accelerating the fan wheel to the operating speed
Guide to troubleshooting fan problems
Centrifugal, Axial, Propeller fans and their capacity ranges
Power consumption and typical efficiencies of fans
The temperature and density of air will influence on volume flow, pressure head and power consumption of fans compared with manufacturing data
How to modulate fans and their capacity?
Air filter efficiency and arrestance
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Healthcare Building Ideas - Control - Advancing Applications in Contamination Control - Industrial Hygiene News - Oil, Gas & Petrochemical Equipment - Pipe Line and Gas Technology - Supply Chain Systems Magazine
Exposure health effects of Carbon Monoxide - CO
Classification of heat recovery efficiencies - temperature efficiency, moisture efficiency and enthalpy efficiency
Calculating ventilation heat-recovery processes
Classification, basic equations of heat transfer and selecting criteria of heaters and coolers
Classification of Humidifiers - sprayed coils, spinning discs and steam humidifiers
The difference between hydraulic and equivalent diameter - with formulas
Rectangular ducts and hydraulic diameter
Recommended indoor temperature and humidity for some common industrial product and production processes
Recommended indoor temperatures summer and winter
A quick selection guide for ventilation systems and principles in industrial environments
Major loss - head loss or pressure loss - due to friction in pipes or ducts
ASHRAE Standard 62-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
- more than 216 equations for everything from ductwork to air change rates...from steel pipe, relief valve and water heater sizing to NPSH calculations, Data definitions, ASME and ASHRAE code specs, air and water properties, conversion factors, building construction business fundamentals, equipment manufacturers, energy conservation conditions, auxiliary equipment, designers checklists, professional societies and organizations, and more.
358 Rules of Thumb in all for buildings of every imaginable type, from churches to cocktail lounges. Includes cooling and heating loads, infiltration, ventilation, humidification, people/occupancy, lighting, appliance/equipment, more.
Minor loss - pressure or head loss - coefficients for air duct distribution systems components
Online calculator to compute the friction loss in air ducts
The concentration of pollution in a limited space as a room, depends on the amount of polluted material spread in the room, supply of fresh air, the outlets position and construction, principles used for supply and outlet from the space, the fluid flow in the space etc.
Normal pressure drops in some common ventilation system components - dampers, filters, heaters, coolers and more
Comparing pumps, compressors, blowers and fans
Ducts and recommended air velocities
Dimensions of rectangular ventilation air ducts
Recommended Relative Humidity - RH - for production and process environments as libraries, breweries, storages and more.
Recommended rates of outdoor air flow in some common types of rooms - banks, assembly halls, hotels and many more
Surface coefficients to calculate friction and major pressure loss in ventilation ducts - concrete, galvanized steel, corroded steel and more
In a scrubber, air is drawn through a mist of water made by spray nozzles, then through separators where dust and particles with water droplets are removed from the air flow
A quick selection guide of ventilation system in comfort environments
ASHRAE has over 175 standards, some written jointly with ANSI and IES. ASHRAE standards describe uniform methods of testing, specify design requirements, and recommend standard practices. They also publish numerous handbooks on fundamentals, applications, refrigeration, and several other comprehensive subjects.
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A rough guide to maximum air volume capacity of circular ducts in comfort, industrial and high speed ventilation systems
Duct sizing in ventilation systems is often done with the Velocity, Constant Pressure Loss or the Static Pressure Recovery Method
The definition of STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure and NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure
Ductwork support and recommended spacing between hangers
Axial and propeller fans, centrifugal (radial) fans, mixed flow fans and cross flow fans
The inclined and vertical u-tube manometer is inexpensive and common in differential pressure measurement of pitot, orifices and nozzles
Recommended velocities in ventilation ducts
Classification of air filters used in ventilation systems
Some commonly used ventilation principles - the short cut, mixed air, displacement and piston principle
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