Rooms and Rates of Outdoor Air Flow

Recommended rates of outdoor air flow in some common types of rooms - banks, assembly halls, hotels and many more

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The rates of outdoor fresh air flow in the table below can be used as guidelines in design of ventilation systems.

Type of Building and Room		Air Shifts per hour (h^-1)	Airflow (l/s per m² floor area)	Outdoor Airflow (l/s)
Animals	Sheep			3/animal
	Horses			40/animal
	Hens			3/animal
	Cows			100/animal
	Chickens			2/animal
	Pigs, sow			60/animal
	Piglet			15/animal
Apartments				15 - 20/person
Assembly halls		5 - 10		14/person
Auditoriums				10 - 15/person
Bakeries	Production		8
Bakeries	Pastry room		6
Banks	Service		2 - 3
	Archive		1
	Staff		2 - 3
Baths		5 - 8		15
Barber Shops				15 - 25/person
Bars				15 - 25/person
Beauty Shops				15 - 25/person
Boiler rooms		4
Bowling Alleys				15 - 20/person
Cafeterias			4	10 - 15/person
Cinemas/Theatres		5 - 10		7 - 15/person
Chemist's shops	Sterile room		15
	Laboratory		15
	Packing room		4
	Store		1
Churches			2	10 - 15/person
Clubhouses				15 - 25/person
Cocktail Lounges				15 - 25/person
Computer Rooms				15 - 20/person
Court Houses				10 - 15/person
Dance halls				15 - 30/person
Dental Clinics, Offices				15 - 20/person
Department Stores (cfm/Sq.Ft)			0.3
Dining Halls				10 - 15/person
Drug Shop				10 - 15/person
Engine rooms		4
Exhibition halls			10 - 20
Fire Stations				15 - 20/person
Garages		5 - 6	> 1
Hospitals	General			25/person
	Therapy		9
	Operating theatre		14
	Autopsy		9
Hotels	Reception			15 - 20/person
Hotels	Room		3
Industries	Factory			20 - 30/person
	Carpenter work shop		2 - 5
	Car repair shop		4
	Car repair shop, exhaust outlet			60 - 80/car
	Mechanical work shop		3 - 4
	Welding		12 - 15
	Assembly		4 - 5
Jails				10 - 15/person
Jewelry Shop				10 - 15/person
Libraries				10 - 15/person
Lunch Rooms, Luncheonettes				10 - 15/person
Municipal Buildings				10 - 15/person
Museums				10 - 15/person
Smithies			6 - 7
Kitchens	Small	20 - 40
	Large	10 - 20
	< 7 m²			15
	> 7 m²			20
	Industrial in general		25 - 30
	Gas ovens			550/m² outside wall
	Electric ovens			300/m² outside wall
	Grill table			400/m² outside wall
	Frying pan			300
	Boiling pan 100 l			100
	Boiling pan 200 l			200
	Coffee machine			60
	Refrigerated cabinet		7 - 10
	Cooling and freezer room		0.3 - 0.5
	Store		2 - 4
Laundries		10 - 15
Lavatories		5 - 10		10
Night Clubs				15 - 25/person
Malls				10 - 15/person
Motels				15 - 20/person
Offices	Module	3 - 8		15 - 20/person
	Landscape			20/person
	Conference room			15 - 30/person
	Lecture room			10 - 15/person
	Dining hall			15 - 20/person
	Staff, changing clothes		8 - 12
	Dining room		8 - 10
	Resting room			15/person
Police Stations				15 - 20/person
Post Offices				15 - 20/person
Precision Manufacturing				15 - 20/person
Restaurants		5 - 10	10	15 - 20/person
Retail Stores (cfm/Sq.Ft)			0.3
Schools	Classroom		4 - 5	10 - 15/person
Shops				20/person
Shopping Centers				10 - 15/person
Sports halls			3 - 4
Supermarkets				10 - 15/person
Swimming pools		5 - 10
Taverns				15 - 25/person
Town Halls				15 - 20/person

1 dm³(litre)/s = 10^-3 m³/s = 3.6 m³/h = 0.03532 ft³/s = 2.1189 ft³/min (cfm) = 13.200 Imp.gal (UK)/min = 15.852 gal (US)/min = 792 Imp. gal (UK)/h

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